Beshalach 5: learning to eat

The first thing the children of Israel receive, even before they are free, is the calendar. They need to start learning how to manage their time. That includes learning to postpone some things, such as eating hours.
[Source photo:Burning Chametz]

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Temple Sinai of Palm Beach County in Delray Beach, FL, is seeking to fill
Burning hamets. Photo autor: Zeevveez on Flickr

Un cop els Fills d’Israel travessen el Mar de les canyes, es queixen que tenen set. Després arriben a Elim, on hi havia dotze fonts d’aigua i setanta palmeres (Xemot, Èxode, 15:24-27). Des d’Elim viatgen fins al desert de Sin, entre Elim i el Sinaí.

Allà, un més just després de sortir de Mitsraïm, els Fills d’Israel al complet es queixen a Moisès i Aaron: «Si tan sols haguéssim mort per la mà del [nom de les quatre lletres] a la terra de Mitsraïm, mentre seiem al costat del pot de carn, quan menjàvem pa fins a sadollar-nos, ja que vosaltres ens heu portat a aquest desert per matar aquesta congregació sencera de gana» (Xemot, Èxode, 16:1-3).

Sense necessitat que Moisès traslladi la queixa, [el nom de les quatre lletres] avisa a Moisès: «Jo faré ploure menjar del cel; que tothom surti i reculli la seva part del dia cada dia […] i serà que el sisè dia quan preparin el que han portat, serà el doble del que recullen cada dia» (Xemot, Èxode, 16:4-5).

Com és que el Sant, beneït sigui, actua sense intermediació de Moisès —no és que li faci falta— per dir que farà ploure menjar del cel? Doncs perquè els Fills d’Israel no sabien menjar. No tenien bons hàbits alimentaris. O més aviat, no en tenien cap, d’hàbit. Com esclaus, simplement seien «al costat del pot de la carn» i menjaven. Quan els ho deien. O pitjor encara, quan tenien gana anaven a buscar l’olla i en menjaven, com els animals.

Per tant, calia ensenyar a menjar als Fills d’Israel. Moisès i Aaron diuen als Fills d’Israel: «Al vespre, vosaltres sabreu que [el nom de les quatre lletres] us va treure de la terra de Mitsraïm. I al matí veureu la glòria del [nom de les quatre lletres] , que Ell ha escoltat les vostres queixes contra [el nom de les quatre lletres]…» (Xemot, Èxode, 16:6-7).

«Al vespre, i vosaltres sabreu». Que sigui voluntat del cel, explica el mestre Sforno com si fos Moisès qui parlés, que la promesa de donar-vos menjar sigui tal que el Sant, beneït sigui, us doni les vostres necessitats del vespre a l’hora del vespre, per tal que pugueu saber que el Sant us ha alliberat totalment de la terra de Mitsraïm, incloent-hi els seus costums. Allà seieu al costat de les olles i pots de carn sense tenir una hora determinada per a menjar, com els animals. «I al matí» tindreu el vostre menjar del matí. «Llavors veure la glòria del [nom de les quatre lletres]», i que sigui la voluntat del Cel que veieu la glòria del Sant, beneït sigui, quan estableixi aquests moments per menjar (Ovadiah ben Jacob Sforno, Commentary on the Torah, traduït i comentat per Rabí Raphael Pelcovitz, p. 362).

Però no només s’ensenyen hàbits en forma d’ordenar el dia per menjar en determinats moments i no quan es tingui gana. Els Fills d’Israel a més de quan menjar, han d’aprendre com fer-ho. Al vespre, el Sant, beneït sigui, els donarà carn, però no al nivell de quedar plens i tips, com era costum de Mitsraïm, on els seus habitants no tenien cap més interès que satisfer les seves necessitats físiques. Al matí, el Sant els donarà pa, però només en quantitat per satisfer la gana (Ovadiah ben Jacob Sforno, pp. 363).

El primer que reben els Fills d’Israel, inclús abans de ser persones lliures és el calendari. Han de començar a aprendre a gestionar-se el seu temps. I això inclou també aprendre a posposar algunes coses, com les hores per menjar.

Una de les formes que millor demostren el grau de maduresa de qualsevol persona és veure com i què compra als supermercats, i com menja a casa. Tots hem passat per l’època, just marxar de casa dels pares, en què hem comprat qualsevol cosa per menjar, i ho consumíem a casa quan ens venia de gust. És la típica acció de rebel·lia: a casa nostra manem nosaltres i dinem i sopem quan volem.

Tanmateix aquesta actitud i aquests hàbits, a la llarga, no ens són bons. Cal aprendre no només com cuinar. Cal aprendre a mantenir uns hàbits d’alimentació saludables. A menjar a unes hores aproximades, i a fer-ho de forma normal. Sense buscar un empatx a cada àpat. Cal menjar per viure, i no viure per menjar.

En la nostra època de moment encara podem comprar quantitats ingents de productes perquè volem i podem. En tenim la capacitat i a vegades ho fem servir com una mostra d’estatus social.

Potser la kaixrut no només tracta de les coses que podem menjar, i de com les preparem. Potser també s’aplica a com ho comprem. Tenint en compte que d’aquí poc més de dos mesos tornarem a rememorar la sortida de Mitsraïm, cal llençar quilos i quilos de menjar en forma de hamets? Que puguem comprar molt menjar, implica que obligatòriament s’hagi de fer, encara que després se’ns faci malbé a la nevera o s’hagi de cremar, vendre, o regalarà, per què és hamets i no el podem tenir a casa? Realment mengem per viure, o vivim per menjar?


Once the Children of Israel crossed the Sea of ​​Reeds, they complained that they were thirsty. Then they came to Elim, where there were twelve springs of water and seventy palm trees (Shemot 15:24-27). From Elim they traveled to the wilderness of Sin, between Elim and Sinai.

There, after leaving Mitsraim, the Sons of Israel complained to Moses and Aaron: «if only we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat by pots of meat, when we ate bread to our fill! For you have brought us out into this desert, to starve this entire congregation to death» (Shemot 16: 1-3).

Without the need for Moses to convey the complaint, God warns Moses: «I am going to rain down for you bread from heaven, and the people shall go out and gather what is needed for the day […] on the sixth day that when they prepare what they will bring, it will be double of what they gather every day»(Shemot 16: 4-5).

How is it that the Holy One, blessed be, acts without the intercession of Moses — not that he needs it — to say that it will rain down food from heaven? Because the children of Israel did not know how to eat. They didn’t have good eating habits. Or rather they had none of them. As slaves they simply sat «beside the pot of meat» and ate when they were told. Or worse: when they were hungry they would fetch the pot and eat it, like animals.

The children of Israel had to be taught to eat. And Moses and Aaron said unto the Children of Israel, «[In the] evening, you shall know that the Lord brought you out of the land of Egypt. And [in the] morning, you shall see the glory of the Lord when He hears your complaints against the Lord […]» (Shemot 16: 6-7).

«In the evening, and you will know.» May it be the will of heaven, explains Rabi Sforno as if it were Moses who spoke, may the promise to give you food be in such a manner that the Blessed One will give you your needs of the evening at evening time, so that you may know that the Blessed One has delivered you totally from the land of Mitsraim, including its customs. There you sat at the pots of flesh without a set time to meals, like animals. «And in the morning» you will have your morning food.

«Then you shall see the glory of Hashem». And so may it be the will of Heaven that you see the glory of the Holy One, blessed be, when Hashem comes to establish these times for food (Ovadiah ben Jacob Sforno, Commentary on the Torah, translated and commented on by Rabbi Raphael Pelcovitz, pp. 362).

But it is not just a matter of learning to eat at certain times and not when you are hungry. The children of Israel, in addition to eating, must learn how to eat. In the evening, the Blessed One will give them flesh but not at the level of being full and tipsy, as was the custom of Mitsraim, where its inhabitants had no other interests than to satisfy their physical needs. In the morning, the Holy One will give them bread, but only in to satisfy their hunger (Ovadiah ben Jacob Sforno, pp. 363).

The first thing the children of Israel receive, even before they are free, is the calendar. They need to start learning how to manage their time. That includes learning to postpone some things, such as eating hours.

One of the best ways to discover signs of maturity in any person is how and what they buy in the supermarket, and how they eat at home. We’ve all been through the time just leaving our parents’ house, buying anything to eat, and consuming it at home when we feel like it. It is the typical act of rebellion: our hous, our rules and our eating times.

But this attitude and these habits are not good for us in the long run. You need not only how to cook, but also to maintain healthy habits. Eating at a time and do it normally. Without stuffing oneself at every meal. You have to eat to live, not live to eat.

In our age we can buy huge amounts of food because we want and can. We have the capacity and sometimes we do it as a sign of social status.

Maybe kashrut is not just about the things we can eat, and how we prepare them. It may also apply to how we buy them. In a couple of months we will be reminding ourselves of the departure from Mitsraim. Do we have to throw away pounds and pounds of food in the form of hamets? Does being able to buy a lot of food mean that it has to be done, even if it gets bad in the fridge; ends up burned, sold or given away, because it is a hamets and we can’t have it at home? Do we really eat to live, or do we live to eat?

Resources

Mourner’s Kaddish (Kaddish Yatom), traditionally said by mourners––that is, those who have lost a parent during the previous eleven months or a child, sibling, or spuce during the last thirty days––and by those observing the anniversary of the death of those close relatives. (In many contemporary communities, the full congregation says it in support of the mourners, and in memory of the six million Jews who perished during the Holocaust, assuming that at least one died on any given day.) The mourners Kaddish omits lines 7 and 8 of the Full Kaddish that asks God to answer our prayers, because presumably, God did not grant the mourner’s prayers that the relative recover and live).
אבל: יִתְגַּדַּל וְיִתְקַדַּשׁ שְׁמֵהּ רַבָּא
[קהל: אמן] בְּעָלְמָא דִּי בְרָא כִרְעוּתֵהּ וְיַמְלִיךְ מַלְכוּתֵהּ בְּחַיֵּיכון וּבְיומֵיכון וּבְחַיֵּי דְכָל בֵּית יִשרָאֵל בַּעֲגָלָא וּבִזְמַן קָרִיב, וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן: [קהל: אמן] קהל ואבל: יְהֵא שְׁמֵהּ רַבָּא מְבָרַךְ לְעָלַם וּלְעָלְמֵי עָלְמַיָּא אבל: יִתְבָּרַךְ וְיִשְׁתַּבַּח וְיִתְפָּאַר וְיִתְרומַם וְיִתְנַשּא וְיִתְהַדָּר וְיִתְעַלֶּה וְיִתְהַלָּל שְׁמֵהּ דְּקֻדְשָׁא. בְּרִיךְ הוּא. [קהל: בריך הוא:] לְעֵלָּא מִן כָּל בִּרְכָתָא בעשי”ת: לְעֵלָּא לְעֵלָּא מִכָּל וְשִׁירָתָא תֻּשְׁבְּחָתָא וְנֶחֱמָתָא דַּאֲמִירָן בְּעָלְמָא. וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן: [קהל: אמן] יְהֵא שְׁלָמָא רַבָּא מִן שְׁמַיָּא וְחַיִּים עָלֵינוּ וְעַל כָּל יִשרָאֵל. וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן: [קהל: אמן] עושה שָׁלום בִּמְרומָיו הוּא יַעֲשה שָׁלום עָלֵינוּ וְעַל כָּל יִשרָאֵל וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן: [קהל: אמן]

וְזֹ֖את הַתּוֹרָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם מֹשֶׁ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ תּוֹרָ֥ה צִוָּה־לָ֖נוּ מֹשֶׁ֑ה מוֹרָשָׁ֖ה קְהִלַּ֥ת יַעֲקֹֽב׃ הָאֵל֮ תָּמִ֢ים דַּ֫רְכּ֥וֹ אִמְרַֽת־יְהֹוָ֥ה צְרוּפָ֑ה מָגֵ֥ן ה֝֗וּא לְכֹ֤ל ׀ הַחֹסִ֬ים בּֽוֹ׃

Before reading the Torah:
הַשֵּׁם עִמָּכֶם.
יְבָרֶכְךָ הַשֵּׁם.
 

 .בָּרְכוּ אֶת יְהֹוָה הַמְּבֹרָךְ
.בָּרוּךְ יְהֹוָה הַמְּבֹרָךְ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד
.בָּרוּךְ יְהֹוָה הַמְּבֹרָךְ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר בָּחַר בָּנוּ מִכָּל הָעַמִּים וְנָתַן לָנוּ אֶת תּוֹרָתוֹ. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, נוֹתֵן הַתּוֹרָה:
 אמן.

After reading the Torah:

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לָנוּ אֶת תּוֹרָתוֹ תּוֹרַת אֱמֶת, וְחַיֵּי עוֹלָם נָטַע בְּתוֹכֵנוּ. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, נוֹתֵן הַתּוֹרָה:
אמן.

Beracha recited before the reading of the Haftara:

Mi Sheberach, the Jewish prayer for healing, is one of the most meaningful prayers in Judaism. It is a public prayer or blessing for an individual or group, most often recited in synagogue when the Torah is being read. 

He who blessed our fathers Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, Moses and Aaron, David and Solomon, may he heal ___ who is ill. May the Holy One, blessed be he, have mercy and speedily restore him to perfect health, both spiritual and physical; and let us say, Amen.

מִי שֶׁבֵּרַךְ אֲבוֹתֵֽינוּ, אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיַעֲקֹב, משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן, דָּוִד וּשְׁלֹמֹה, הוּא יְבָרֵךְ וִירַפֵּא אֶת הַחוֹלֶה ___. הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יִמָּלֵא רַחֲמִים עָלָיו לְהַחֲלִימוֹ וּלְרַפֹּאתוֹ, לְהַחֲזִיקוֹ וּלְהַחֲיוֹתוֹ, וְיִשְׁלַח לוֹ מְהֵרָה רְפוּאָה שְׁלֵמָה, רְפוּאַת הַנֶּֽפֶשׁ וּרְפוּאַת הַגּוּף; וְנֹאמַר אָמֵן.

Tefilat HaDerech (Hebrew: תפילת הדרך), also known as the Traveler’s Prayer or Wayfarer’s Prayer in English, is a prayer for safe travel recited by Jews when traveling by air, sea, or long car trips. It is recited at the start of every journey, preferably standing, but this is not required. It is frequently inscribed on hamsas, which may also include the Shema or Birkat HaBayit prayer.

In the “Blessing of Thanksgiving” (Birkat HaGomel), persons in four different categories should express gratitude to God for His compassion toward them:
One who has done one of the following: a) traveled across the ocean (by an international flight, etc.); b) traversed the desert; c) recovered from a very serious illness; d) been released from prison.
All other potentially fatal circumstances that one escapes, such as a wall crumbling on him, an ox goring him, thieves, auto accidents, etc., fall under the category of desert.

The reader recites:

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה’ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם הַגּוֹמֵל לְחַיָּבִים טוֹבוֹת שֶׁגְּמָלַנִי כָּל טוֹב.

 
The congregations responds:

מִי שֶׁגְמַלְךָ כֹּל טוֹב הוּא יִגְמַלְךָ כֹּל טוֹב סֶלָה.

NameSymbolSephardi
Sof passukב׃‎סוֹף פָּסֽוּק‎
Sof pasuk
Etnachtaב֑‎אַתְנָ֑ח‎
Atnaḥ
Segolב֒‎סְגוֹלְתָּא֒‎
Segolta
Shalsheletב֓‎שַׁלְשֶׁ֓לֶת‎
Šalšeleþ
Zakef katanב֔‎זָקֵף קָט֔וֹן‎
Záqéf Qáţown
Zakef gadolב֕‎זָקֵף גָּד֕וֹל‎
Záqéf Ggádowl
Tifchaב֖‎טַרְחָ֖א‎
Tarḥa
Riviaב֗‎רְבִ֗יע‎
Revia
Zarkaב֮‎זַרְקָא֮‎
Zarqa
Pashtaב֙‎קַדְמָא֙‎
Qadma
Shene pashtinב֨‎ב֙‎תְּרֵ֨י קַדְמִין֙‎
Tere qadmin
Yetivב֚‎יְ֚תִיב‎
Yetiv
Tevirב֛‎תְּבִ֛יר‎
Tviyr
Pazerב֡‎פָּזֶר גָּד֡וֹל‎
Pazer gadol
Qarne farahב֟‎קַרְנֵי פָרָ֟ה‎
Qarne farah
Telisha gedolaב֠‎תִּ֠רְצָה‎
Tirtzah
Gereshב֜‎גְּרִ֜ישׁ‎
Gerish
Gershayimב֞‎שְׁנֵי גְרִישִׁ֞ין‎
Shene gerishin
Munachב׀‎פָּסֵ֣ק׀‎
Paseq
Merchaב֥‎מַאֲרִ֥יךְ‎
Maarich
Munachב֣‎שׁוֹפָר הוֹלֵ֣ךְ‎
Shofar holech
Mahpachב֤‎‏(שׁוֹפָר) מְהֻפָּ֤ךְ‎
(Shofar) mehuppach
Dargaב֧‎דַּרְגָּ֧א‎
Ddarggá
Kadmaב֨‎אַזְלָ֨א or קַדְמָ֨א‎
Azla or Qadma[18]
Telisha ketanaב֩‎תַּלְשָׁא֩‎
Talsha
Mercha kefulaב֦‎תְּרֵי טַעֲמֵ֦י‎
Tere ta’ame
Yerach ben yomoב֪‎יֵרֶח בֶּן יוֹמ֪וֹ‎
Yeraḥ ben yomo

Spanish-Portuguese custom

זַרְקָא֮ מַקַּף־שׁוֹפָר־הוֹלֵ֣ךְ סְגוֹלְתָּא֒ פָּזֵר גָּד֡וֹל תַ֠לְשָׁא תִּ֩ילְשָׁא אַזְלָ֨א גֵּ֜רֵישׁ פָּסֵק  ׀  רָבִ֗יעַ שְׁנֵי־גֵרֵישִׁ֞ין דַּרְגָ֧א תְּבִ֛יר מַאֲרִ֥יךְ טַרְחָ֖א אַתְנָ֑ח שׁוֹפָר־מְהֻפָּ֤ךְ קַדְמָא֙ תְּרֵ֨י־קַדְמִין֙ זָקֵף־קָט֔וֹן זָקֵף־גָּד֕וֹל שַׁלְשֶׁ֓לֶת תְּרֵי־טַעֲמֵ֦י יְ֚תִיב סוֹף־פָּסֽוּק׃

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