Delve into the spiritual significance of Rosh Hodesh Iyar, a time for introspection, healing prayers, and joyous celebrations.

Asara B’Tevet, observed on the 10th day of the Jewish month of Tevet, is a day of historical significance deeply rooted in Jewish history. This day marks the beginning of the siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II, the Babylonian king, in 588 BCE. The siege, which lasted for 30 months, culminated in the breaching of Jerusalem’s walls on the 17th of Tammuz and eventually led to the destruction of the First Temple on Tisha B’Av.
The events surrounding Asara B’Tevet are intricately connected to the Babylonian exile and the dispersion of the Jewish people. Nebuchadnezzar’s forces laid siege to Jerusalem as part of their campaign to assert dominance over the region and dismantle the Kingdom of Judah. The prolonged suffering during the siege became a precursor to the larger tragedy of the destruction of the Temple and the subsequent exile of the Jewish people.
As a result, Asara B’Tevet is not only a day of remembrance for the initial siege but also a somber reflection on the series of events that ultimately shaped the destiny of the Jewish nation. The significance of this day extends beyond the immediate historical context, symbolizing the beginning of a difficult period that led to the dispersion of Jews across different lands.
Prayer Adjustments: Kabbalat Shabbat and Arvit can be conducted early, allowing for kiddush at home at nightfall (Rema 249:4). Varied opinions exist on the exact time, with the earliest at 5:54 (Rabbi Yitzchak Yosef)
Service Adjustments: On a Friday Asara B’Tevet, Shacharit proceeds as usual. For Mincha, the Torah is read, “Anenu” recited during Amidah, but Tachanun and Avinu Malkenu are omitted (Bet Yosef, Kaf HaChaim 550:4). Moroccan tradition may differ (Rabbi Raphael Berdugo, Torat Emet 550).
There is a Torah reading at Shacharit on Asara B’Tevet (עֲשָׂרָה בְּטֵבֵת).
On Asara B’Tevet, which is a minor fast day, we read:
Parashat Vayechal
Shemot (Exodus) 32:11–14; 34:1–10
This reading focuses on:
Moshe Rabbeinu’s plea for mercy after the sin of the Golden Calf
Hashem’s attributes of compassion (י״ג מידות הרחמים)
Three aliyot
Read during Shacharit
This applies whether the fast falls on a weekday or Friday (Asara B’Tevet is unique in that it can fall on Friday)
Torah Portion: Exodus 32:11-14, 34:1-10
1: Exodus 32:11-14 · 4 p’sukim
2: Exodus 34:1-3 · 3 p’sukim
3: Exodus 34:4-10 · 7 p’sukim
Torah Portion: Exodus 32:11-14, 34:1-10
1: Exodus 32:11-14 · 4 p’sukim
2: Exodus 34:1-3 · 3 p’sukim
maf: Exodus 34:4-10 · 7 p’sukim
Haftarah: Isaiah 55:6-56:8 · 16 p’sukim
At Mincha, the same Torah portion is read again, plus:
Haftarah: Dirshu Hashem behimatzo (Yeshayahu 55:6–56:8)
Selichot are recited in the morning (before or during Shacharit, depending on the community)
The Torah reading itself is the same across Sephardic, Ashkenazic, and Edot HaMizrach communities
Shabbat Preparations: Normal Shabbat preparations, including showering and shaving, are upheld to honor Shabbat (kavod Shabbat), even for those who might refrain on typical fast days (Kaf HaChaim 550:2, Mishneh Berurah 550:6).
Tasting Food and Chewing Gum: Tasting food for Shabbat preparations is allowed if the food is spit out. Chewing gum with flavor is not permitted, but if flavorless, it is allowed (Shulchan Aruch O.C. 567:1, Yalkut Yosef 452:21). Opinions on gum differ, with Moroccan tradition following the Rema (567:3) (Rav Yosef Messas, Mayim Haim 2:340).
Smoking Cigarettes: Smoking cigarettes is permitted on public fast days, including Asara B’Tevet (Yabia Omer 1:33) according to Rabbi Yehoshua Berdugo.
.בָּרְכוּ אֶת יְהֹוָה הַמְּבֹרָךְ .בָּרוּךְ יְהֹוָה הַמְּבֹרָךְ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד .בָּרוּךְ יְהֹוָה הַמְּבֹרָךְ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר בָּחַר בָּנוּ מִכָּל הָעַמִּים וְנָתַן לָנוּ אֶת תּוֹרָתוֹ. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, נוֹתֵן הַתּוֹרָה: אמן.
גֹּאֲלֵ֕נוּ יְהֹוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמ֑וֹ קְד֖וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
וְזֹ֖את הַתּוֹרָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם מֹשֶׁ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ תּוֹרָ֥ה צִוָּה־לָ֖נוּ מֹשֶׁ֑ה מוֹרָשָׁ֖ה קְהִלַּ֥ת יַעֲקֹֽב׃ הָאֵל֮ תָּמִ֢ים דַּ֫רְכּ֥וֹ אִמְרַֽת־יְהֹוָ֥ה צְרוּפָ֑ה מָגֵ֥ן ה֝֗וּא לְכֹ֤ל ׀ הַחֹסִ֬ים בּֽוֹ׃
Mi Sheberach, the Jewish prayer for healing, is one of the most meaningful prayers in Judaism. It is a public prayer or blessing for an individual or group, most often recited in synagogue when the Torah is being read.
מִי שֶׁבֵּרַךְ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיַעֲקֹב מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן דָּוִד וּשְׁלֹמֹה הוּא יְבָרֵךְ וִירַפֵּא אֶת (father’s name) בן (name), הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יִמָּלֵּא רַחֲמִים עָלָיו לְהַחֲלִימוֹ וּלְרַפְּאֹתוֹ וּלְהַחֲזִיקוֹ וּלְהַחֲיוֹתוֹ, וְיִשְׁלַח לוֹ מְהֵרָה רְפוּאָה שְׁלֵמָה מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם לְרַמַ”ח אֵבָרָיו וּשְׁסָ”ה גִּידָיו בְּתוֹךְ שְׁאָר חוֹלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, רְפוּאַת הַנֶּפֶשׁ וּרְפוּאַת הַגּוּף, הַשְׁתָּא בַּעֲגָלָא וּבִזְמַן קָרִיב. וְנֹאמַר אָמֵן.
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה’ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם הַגּוֹמֵל לְחַיָּבִים טוֹבוֹת שֶׁגְּמָלַנִי כָּל טוֹב.
מִי שֶׁגְמַלְךָ כֹּל טוֹב הוּא יִגְמַלְךָ כֹּל טוֹב סֶלָה.
Tefilat HaDerech (Hebrew: תפילת הדרך), also known as the Traveler’s Prayer or Wayfarer’s Prayer in English, is a prayer for safe travel recited by Jews when traveling by air, sea, or long car trips. It is recited at the start of every journey, preferably standing, but this is not required. It is frequently inscribed on hamsas, which may also include the Shema or Birkat HaBayit prayer.
| Name | Symbol | Sephardi |
|---|---|---|
| Sof passuk | ב׃ | סוֹף פָּסֽוּק Sof pasuk |
| Etnachta | ב֑ | אַתְנָ֑ח Atnaḥ |
| Segol | ב֒ | סְגוֹלְתָּא֒ Segolta |
| Shalshelet | ב֓ | שַׁלְשֶׁ֓לֶת Šalšeleþ |
| Zakef katan | ב֔ | זָקֵף קָט֔וֹן Záqéf Qáţown |
| Zakef gadol | ב֕ | זָקֵף גָּד֕וֹל Záqéf Ggádowl |
| Tifcha | ב֖ | טַרְחָ֖א Tarḥa |
| Rivia | ב֗ | רְבִ֗יע Revia |
| Zarka | ב֮ | זַרְקָא֮ Zarqa |
| Pashta | ב֙ | קַדְמָא֙ Qadma |
| Shene pashtin | ב֨ב֙ | תְּרֵ֨י קַדְמִין֙ Tere qadmin |
| Yetiv | ב֚ | יְ֚תִיב Yetiv |
| Tevir | ב֛ | תְּבִ֛יר Tviyr |
| Pazer | ב֡ | פָּזֶר גָּד֡וֹל Pazer gadol |
| Qarne farah | ב֟ | קַרְנֵי פָרָ֟ה Qarne farah |
| Telisha gedola | ב֠ | תִּ֠רְצָה Tirtzah |
| Geresh | ב֜ | גְּרִ֜ישׁ Gerish |
| Gershayim | ב֞ | שְׁנֵי גְרִישִׁ֞ין Shene gerishin |
| Munach | ב׀ | פָּסֵ֣ק׀ Paseq |
| Mercha | ב֥ | מַאֲרִ֥יךְ Maarich |
| Munach | ב֣ | שׁוֹפָר הוֹלֵ֣ךְ Shofar holech |
| Mahpach | ב֤ | (שׁוֹפָר) מְהֻפָּ֤ךְ (Shofar) mehuppach |
| Darga | ב֧ | דַּרְגָּ֧א Ddarggá |
| Kadma | ב֨ | אַזְלָ֨א or קַדְמָ֨א Azla or Qadma[18] |
| Telisha ketana | ב֩ | תַּלְשָׁא֩ Talsha |
| Mercha kefula | ב֦ | תְּרֵי טַעֲמֵ֦י Tere ta’ame |
| Yerach ben yomo | ב֪ | יֵרֶח בֶּן יוֹמ֪וֹ Yeraḥ ben yomo |
Spanish-Portuguese custom
זַרְקָא֮ מַקַּף־שׁוֹפָר־הוֹלֵ֣ךְ סְגוֹלְתָּא֒ פָּזֵר גָּד֡וֹל תַ֠לְשָׁא תִּ֩ילְשָׁא אַזְלָ֨א גֵּ֜רֵישׁ פָּסֵק ׀ רָבִ֗יעַ שְׁנֵי־גֵרֵישִׁ֞ין דַּרְגָ֧א תְּבִ֛יר מַאֲרִ֥יךְ טַרְחָ֖א אַתְנָ֑ח שׁוֹפָר־מְהֻפָּ֤ךְ קַדְמָא֙ תְּרֵ֨י־קַדְמִין֙ זָקֵף־קָט֔וֹן זָקֵף־גָּד֕וֹל שַׁלְשֶׁ֓לֶת תְּרֵי־טַעֲמֵ֦י יְ֚תִיב סוֹף־פָּסֽוּק׃
More on Rosh Hodesh
Sephardic U Calendar
Fasting Observance of Asara B’Tevet