Asara B’Tevet

On Asara B'Tevet, we commemorate the siege of Jerusalem, fostering spiritual growth through solemn reflection and meaningful introspection.
Fast of Tevet
[Source photo: Fast of Tevet]

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The 17th of Tammuz, a day of fasting and reflection, commemorates tragedies in Jewish history and calls for spiritual growth.
Lag BaOmer: A celebration of resilience, unity, and the fighting Jewish spirit, marked with bonfires, music, and joy.

History of Asara B’Tevet

Asara B’Tevet, observed on the 10th day of the Jewish month of Tevet, is a day of historical significance deeply rooted in Jewish history. This day marks the beginning of the siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II, the Babylonian king, in 588 BCE. The siege, which lasted for 30 months, culminated in the breaching of Jerusalem’s walls on the 17th of Tammuz and eventually led to the destruction of the First Temple on Tisha B’Av.

The events surrounding Asara B’Tevet are intricately connected to the Babylonian exile and the dispersion of the Jewish people. Nebuchadnezzar’s forces laid siege to Jerusalem as part of their campaign to assert dominance over the region and dismantle the Kingdom of Judah. The prolonged suffering during the siege became a precursor to the larger tragedy of the destruction of the Temple and the subsequent exile of the Jewish people.

As a result, Asara B’Tevet is not only a day of remembrance for the initial siege but also a somber reflection on the series of events that ultimately shaped the destiny of the Jewish nation. The significance of this day extends beyond the immediate historical context, symbolizing the beginning of a difficult period that led to the dispersion of Jews across different lands.

Fasting Observance of Asara B’Tevet

Fasting: Observers abstain from food and drink from dawn until nightfall, emulating the deprivation experienced during the Babylonian siege.

Note: Asara B’Tevet, unique among fast days, may occur on a Friday. Despite its proximity to Shabbat, the fast is observed in its entirety until nightfall, emphasizing the day’s gravity (Magen Avraham, Haf Hachaim 550:3).

Prayers and Blessings

Prayer Adjustments: Kabbalat Shabbat and Arvit can be conducted early, allowing for kiddush at home at nightfall (Rema 249:4). Varied opinions exist on the exact time, with the earliest at 5:54 (Rabbi Yitzchak Yosef)

Service Adjustments: On a Friday Asara B’Tevet, Shacharit proceeds as usual. For Mincha, the Torah is read, “Anenu” recited during Amidah, but Tachanun and Avinu Malkenu are omitted (Bet Yosef, Kaf HaChaim 550:4). Moroccan tradition may differ (Rabbi Raphael Berdugo, Torat Emet 550).

Torah Reading

There is a Torah reading at Shacharit on Asara B’Tevet (עֲשָׂרָה בְּטֵבֵת).

📖 Torah Reading (Shacharit)

On Asara B’Tevet, which is a minor fast day, we read:

  • Parashat Vayechal
    Shemot (Exodus) 32:11–14; 34:1–10

This reading focuses on:

  • Moshe Rabbeinu’s plea for mercy after the sin of the Golden Calf

  • Hashem’s attributes of compassion (י״ג מידות הרחמים)

🕍 How it’s done

  • Three aliyot

  • Read during Shacharit

  • This applies whether the fast falls on a weekday or Friday (Asara B’Tevet is unique in that it can fall on Friday)

Asara B’Tevet / עֲשָׂרָה בְּטֵבֵת

Torah Portion: Exodus 32:11-1434:1-10

1: Exodus 32:11-14 · 4 p’sukim 

2: Exodus 34:1-3 · 3 p’sukim 

3: Exodus 34:4-10 · 7 p’sukim 

 

Asara B’Tevet (Mincha) / עֲשָׂרָה בְּטֵבֵת מִנחָה

Torah Portion: Exodus 32:11-1434:1-10

1: Exodus 32:11-14 · 4 p’sukim 

2: Exodus 34:1-3 · 3 p’sukim 

maf: Exodus 34:4-10 · 7 p’sukim 

Haftarah: Isaiah 55:6-56:8 · 16 p’sukim

➕ Mincha

At Mincha, the same Torah portion is read again, plus:

  • Haftarah: Dirshu Hashem behimatzo (Yeshayahu 55:6–56:8)

🕯️ Sephardic custom notes

  • Selichot are recited in the morning (before or during Shacharit, depending on the community)

  • The Torah reading itself is the same across Sephardic, Ashkenazic, and Edot HaMizrach communities

Shabbat Preparations

Shabbat Preparations: Normal Shabbat preparations, including showering and shaving, are upheld to honor Shabbat (kavod Shabbat), even for those who might refrain on typical fast days (Kaf HaChaim 550:2, Mishneh Berurah 550:6).

Miscellaneous

Tasting Food and Chewing Gum: Tasting food for Shabbat preparations is allowed if the food is spit out. Chewing gum with flavor is not permitted, but if flavorless, it is allowed (Shulchan Aruch O.C. 567:1, Yalkut Yosef 452:21). Opinions on gum differ, with Moroccan tradition following the Rema (567:3) (Rav Yosef Messas, Mayim Haim 2:340).

Smoking Cigarettes: Smoking cigarettes is permitted on public fast days, including Asara B’Tevet (Yabia Omer 1:33) according to Rabbi Yehoshua Berdugo.

 

Resources

Before reading the Torah:
הַשֵּׁם עִמָּכֶם. יְבָרֶכְךָ הַשֵּׁם.

 .בָּרְכוּ אֶת יְהֹוָה הַמְּבֹרָךְ .בָּרוּךְ יְהֹוָה הַמְּבֹרָךְ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד .בָּרוּךְ יְהֹוָה הַמְּבֹרָךְ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר בָּחַר בָּנוּ מִכָּל הָעַמִּים וְנָתַן לָנוּ אֶת תּוֹרָתוֹ. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, נוֹתֵן הַתּוֹרָה:  אמן.

After reading the Torah:
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לָנוּ אֶת תּוֹרָתוֹ תּוֹרַת אֱמֶת, וְחַיֵּי עוֹלָם נָטַע בְּתוֹכֵנוּ. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, נוֹתֵן הַתּוֹרָה: אמן.
Beracha recited before the reading of the Haftara:
Mourner’s Kaddish (Kaddish Yatom), traditionally said by mourners––that is, those who have lost a parent during the previous eleven months or a child, sibling, or spuce during the last thirty days––and by those observing the anniversary of the death of those close relatives. (In many contemporary communities, the full congregation says it in support of the mourners, and in memory of the six million Jews who perished during the Holocaust, assuming that at least one died on any given day.) The mourners Kaddish omits lines 7 and 8 of the Full Kaddish that asks God to answer our prayers, because presumably, God did not grant the mourner’s prayers that the relative recover and live).
אבל: יִתְגַּדַּל וְיִתְקַדַּשׁ שְׁמֵהּ רַבָּא
[קהל: אמן] בְּעָלְמָא דִּי בְרָא כִרְעוּתֵהּ וְיַמְלִיךְ מַלְכוּתֵהּ בְּחַיֵּיכון וּבְיומֵיכון וּבְחַיֵּי דְכָל בֵּית יִשרָאֵל בַּעֲגָלָא וּבִזְמַן קָרִיב, וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן: [קהל: אמן] קהל ואבל: יְהֵא שְׁמֵהּ רַבָּא מְבָרַךְ לְעָלַם וּלְעָלְמֵי עָלְמַיָּא אבל: יִתְבָּרַךְ וְיִשְׁתַּבַּח וְיִתְפָּאַר וְיִתְרומַם וְיִתְנַשּא וְיִתְהַדָּר וְיִתְעַלֶּה וְיִתְהַלָּל שְׁמֵהּ דְּקֻדְשָׁא. בְּרִיךְ הוּא. [קהל: בריך הוא:] לְעֵלָּא מִן כָּל בִּרְכָתָא בעשי”ת: לְעֵלָּא לְעֵלָּא מִכָּל וְשִׁירָתָא תֻּשְׁבְּחָתָא וְנֶחֱמָתָא דַּאֲמִירָן בְּעָלְמָא. וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן: [קהל: אמן] יְהֵא שְׁלָמָא רַבָּא מִן שְׁמַיָּא וְחַיִּים עָלֵינוּ וְעַל כָּל יִשרָאֵל. וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן: [קהל: אמן] עושה שָׁלום בִּמְרומָיו הוּא יַעֲשה שָׁלום עָלֵינוּ וְעַל כָּל יִשרָאֵל וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן: [קהל: אמן]

וְזֹ֖את הַתּוֹרָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם מֹשֶׁ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ תּוֹרָ֥ה צִוָּה־לָ֖נוּ מֹשֶׁ֑ה מוֹרָשָׁ֖ה קְהִלַּ֥ת יַעֲקֹֽב׃ הָאֵל֮ תָּמִ֢ים דַּ֫רְכּ֥וֹ אִמְרַֽת־יְהֹוָ֥ה צְרוּפָ֑ה מָגֵ֥ן ה֝֗וּא לְכֹ֤ל ׀ הַחֹסִ֬ים בּֽוֹ׃

Mi Sheberach, the Jewish prayer for healing, is one of the most meaningful prayers in Judaism. It is a public prayer or blessing for an individual or group, most often recited in synagogue when the Torah is being read. 

מִי שֶׁבֵּרַךְ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיַעֲקֹב מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן דָּוִד וּשְׁלֹמֹה הוּא יְבָרֵךְ וִירַפֵּא אֶת (father’s name) בן (name), הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יִמָּלֵּא רַחֲמִים עָלָיו לְהַחֲלִימוֹ וּלְרַפְּאֹתוֹ וּלְהַחֲזִיקוֹ וּלְהַחֲיוֹתוֹ, וְיִשְׁלַח לוֹ מְהֵרָה רְפוּאָה שְׁלֵמָה מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם לְרַמַ”ח אֵבָרָיו וּשְׁסָ”ה גִּידָיו בְּתוֹךְ שְׁאָר חוֹלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, רְפוּאַת הַנֶּפֶשׁ וּרְפוּאַת הַגּוּף, הַשְׁתָּא בַּעֲגָלָא וּבִזְמַן קָרִיב. וְנֹאמַר אָמֵן.

In the “Blessing of Thanksgiving” (Birkat HaGomel), persons in four different categories should express gratitude to God for His compassion toward them:
One who has done one of the following: a) traveled across the ocean (by an international flight, etc.); b) traversed the desert; c) recovered from a very serious illness; d) been released from prison.
All other potentially fatal circumstances that one escapes, such as a wall crumbling on him, an ox goring him, thieves, auto accidents, etc., fall under the category of desert.

The reader recites:

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה’ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם הַגּוֹמֵל לְחַיָּבִים טוֹבוֹת שֶׁגְּמָלַנִי כָּל טוֹב.

 
The congregations responds:

מִי שֶׁגְמַלְךָ כֹּל טוֹב הוּא יִגְמַלְךָ כֹּל טוֹב סֶלָה.

Tefilat HaDerech (Hebrew: תפילת הדרך), also known as the Traveler’s Prayer or Wayfarer’s Prayer in English, is a prayer for safe travel recited by Jews when traveling by air, sea, or long car trips. It is recited at the start of every journey, preferably standing, but this is not required. It is frequently inscribed on hamsas, which may also include the Shema or Birkat HaBayit prayer.

NameSymbolSephardi
Sof passukב׃‎סוֹף פָּסֽוּק‎
Sof pasuk
Etnachtaב֑‎אַתְנָ֑ח‎
Atnaḥ
Segolב֒‎סְגוֹלְתָּא֒‎
Segolta
Shalsheletב֓‎שַׁלְשֶׁ֓לֶת‎
Šalšeleþ
Zakef katanב֔‎זָקֵף קָט֔וֹן‎
Záqéf Qáţown
Zakef gadolב֕‎זָקֵף גָּד֕וֹל‎
Záqéf Ggádowl
Tifchaב֖‎טַרְחָ֖א‎
Tarḥa
Riviaב֗‎רְבִ֗יע‎
Revia
Zarkaב֮‎זַרְקָא֮‎
Zarqa
Pashtaב֙‎קַדְמָא֙‎
Qadma
Shene pashtinב֨‎ב֙‎תְּרֵ֨י קַדְמִין֙‎
Tere qadmin
Yetivב֚‎יְ֚תִיב‎
Yetiv
Tevirב֛‎תְּבִ֛יר‎
Tviyr
Pazerב֡‎פָּזֶר גָּד֡וֹל‎
Pazer gadol
Qarne farahב֟‎קַרְנֵי פָרָ֟ה‎
Qarne farah
Telisha gedolaב֠‎תִּ֠רְצָה‎
Tirtzah
Gereshב֜‎גְּרִ֜ישׁ‎
Gerish
Gershayimב֞‎שְׁנֵי גְרִישִׁ֞ין‎
Shene gerishin
Munachב׀‎פָּסֵ֣ק׀‎
Paseq
Merchaב֥‎מַאֲרִ֥יךְ‎
Maarich
Munachב֣‎שׁוֹפָר הוֹלֵ֣ךְ‎
Shofar holech
Mahpachב֤‎‏(שׁוֹפָר) מְהֻפָּ֤ךְ‎
(Shofar) mehuppach
Dargaב֧‎דַּרְגָּ֧א‎
Ddarggá
Kadmaב֨‎אַזְלָ֨א or קַדְמָ֨א‎
Azla or Qadma[18]
Telisha ketanaב֩‎תַּלְשָׁא֩‎
Talsha
Mercha kefulaב֦‎תְּרֵי טַעֲמֵ֦י‎
Tere ta’ame
Yerach ben yomoב֪‎יֵרֶח בֶּן יוֹמ֪וֹ‎
Yeraḥ ben yomo

Spanish-Portuguese custom

זַרְקָא֮ מַקַּף־שׁוֹפָר־הוֹלֵ֣ךְ סְגוֹלְתָּא֒ פָּזֵר גָּד֡וֹל תַ֠לְשָׁא תִּ֩ילְשָׁא אַזְלָ֨א גֵּ֜רֵישׁ פָּסֵק  ׀  רָבִ֗יעַ שְׁנֵי־גֵרֵישִׁ֞ין דַּרְגָ֧א תְּבִ֛יר מַאֲרִ֥יךְ טַרְחָ֖א אַתְנָ֑ח שׁוֹפָר־מְהֻפָּ֤ךְ קַדְמָא֙ תְּרֵ֨י־קַדְמִין֙ זָקֵף־קָט֔וֹן זָקֵף־גָּד֕וֹל שַׁלְשֶׁ֓לֶת תְּרֵי־טַעֲמֵ֦י יְ֚תִיב סוֹף־פָּסֽוּק׃

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