Tetzaveh 5: It is the dress what makes the High Priest

What makes the High Priest what he is, is not the sacrifice of "perfection" or consecration. It’s the garments.

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Kehillat Ma’arav – The Westside Congregation in Santa Monica, CA, is seeking to fill

Our text describes the consecration ceremony of Aaron and his sons Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar, to serve the Blessed One. This ceremony consists of a series of animal sacrifices and vegetable offerings, and the anointing of both Aaron and his four sons.

On one hand, this anointing, or sprinkling, is done with the blood of animal sacrifice. First on the ear, then the thumb of the hand and the thumb of the foot. All three on the right side of the body (Shemot, 29:20).

Once this blood has been anointed, the rest is thrown around the altar of the Mishkan. Then Moses —because it’s him who does all this work— Moses takes a measure of this blood and some of the oil that he had previously deposited on the altar. Makes a small sprinkling on Aaron and his garments, and the clothes of his children: “sprinkle it upon Aaron and upon his garments, upon his sons and upon the garments of his sons with him; thus he will become holy along with his garments, and his sons and their garments with him” (Shemoth, Exodus, 29:21).

The ram of the sacrifice is described as “of perfection” [מִלֻּאִ֖ים] (verse 22). Later, in verse 29, the Torah tells us that “the holy garments that are Aaron’s shall be for his sons after him, to be exalted through them and invested with full authority through them”, [וּלְמַלֵּא־בָ֖ם אֶת־יָדָֽם]. That we could translate literally as “filling or establishing their hands,” that is, strengthening his authority.

After all this hand play we find in today’s fragment, with the anointing of the fingers of the right hand; the act of placing the whole offering “on the palms of the hands of Aaron and his sons” (verse 24); then take the offering “out of his hands” and consume it completely (verse 25); strengthening the hands and authority of Aaron and his sons, Sforno tells us something very interesting! Of all the ceremonies we see, what makes the High Priest what he is, is not the sacrifice of “perfection” or consecration. It’s the garments. “[…] to be exalted through them and invested with full authority through them.” Because although Aaron presents this first sacrifice of consecration, his children and successors will not have to present it again (Ovadiah ben Jacob Sforno, Commentary on the Torah, translated and commented on by Rabbi Raphael Pelcovitz, p. 440).

As in the previous parashah, one thing is the idea or concept, and another is how you aply it. One thing is the position and the authority that it entails. A very different one is the person who exercises it. The sanctity of the figure of the High Priest resides in the garments. Once Aaron — or Eleazar, Phinehas, and the rest of his successors — dresses and exercises (with his right hand) becomes the High Priest. The position remains the person changes. It’s good to remember that from time to time.


En el nostre text d’avui es descriu la cerimònia de consagració d’Aaron i els seus fills NadabAbihuEleazar i Ithamarper servir al Sant, beneït sigui. Aquesta cerimònia consisteix en una sèrie de sacrificis animals i ofrenes vegetals, i la unció tant d’Aaron com dels seus quatre fills.

Per una banda, aquesta unció, o aspersió, es fa amb la sang del sacrifici animal. A l’orella, al polze de la mà i al polze del peu. Tots tres de la part dreta del cos (Xemot, Èxode, 29:20).

Un cop s’ha ungit aquesta sang, la resta es llença al voltant de l’altar del Mixkàn. Seguidament, Moisès —perquè tota aquesta operació la fa ell—, Moisès pren una mida d’aquesta sang escampada, i una mica de l’oli que prèviament havia dipositat a l’altar, i fa una petita aspersió sobre Aaron i les seves vestimentes, i també sobre les vestimentes dels seus fills: «ell i les seves vestidures, i els seus fills i les vestidures dels seus fills amb ell, esdevindran kadoix [santes]» (Xemot, Èxode, 29:21).

El marrà del sacrifici es descriu com «de perfecció» [מִלֻּאִ֖ים – miluim] (vers 22). Més endavant, al vers 29, la Torah ens diu que «els vestits sants que són d’Aaron seran pels seus fills després d’ell, per a ser exaltats a través d’ells i investits amb tota autoritat a través d’ells», [וּלְמַלֵּא־בָ֖ם אֶת־יָדָֽם – uL’mala-bam et-iadam]. Que podríem traduir literalment com «omplir o establir les seves mans», és a dir afermar la seva autoritat.

De tot el joc de mans que trobem al fragment d’avui, amb la unció dels dits de la mà dreta, el fet de posar tota l’ofrena «als palmells de les mans d’Aaron i dels seus fills» (vers 24), per després treure l’ofrena «de les seves mans» i consumir-la per complet (vers 25) i afermar les mans i l’autoritat d’Aaron i els seus fills, Sforno ens explica una cosa interessantíssima! De tota la cerimònia que hem vist, el que fa que el Gran Sacerdot sigui el que és no és el sacrifici «de perfecció» o de consagració. Són els vestits. «[…] per a ser exaltats a través d’ells i investits amb tota autoritat a través d’ells». Perquè malgrat que Aaron presenta aquest primer sacrifici de consagració, els seus fills i successors no l’hauran de tornar a presentar (Ovadiah ben Jacob Sforno, Commentary on the Torah, traduït i comentat per Rabí Raphael Pelcovitz, p. 440).

Com a la paraixà anterior, una cosa és la idea o el concepte, i una altra com s’aplica. Una cosa és el càrrec i l’autoritat que comporta, i una molt diferent és la persona que l’exerceix. La santedat de la figura del Gran Sacerdot resideix en les vestidures, un cop la persona, Aaron —o Eleazar, Pinhàs i la resta dels seus successors— es vesteix i exerceix, amb la mà dreta, esdevé el Gran Sacerdot. El càrrec roman, la persona canvia. Està bé recordar-ho de tant en tant.

Resources

Mourner’s Kaddish (Kaddish Yatom), traditionally said by mourners––that is, those who have lost a parent during the previous eleven months or a child, sibling, or spuce during the last thirty days––and by those observing the anniversary of the death of those close relatives. (In many contemporary communities, the full congregation says it in support of the mourners, and in memory of the six million Jews who perished during the Holocaust, assuming that at least one died on any given day.) The mourners Kaddish omits lines 7 and 8 of the Full Kaddish that asks God to answer our prayers, because presumably, God did not grant the mourner’s prayers that the relative recover and live).
אבל: יִתְגַּדַּל וְיִתְקַדַּשׁ שְׁמֵהּ רַבָּא
[קהל: אמן] בְּעָלְמָא דִּי בְרָא כִרְעוּתֵהּ וְיַמְלִיךְ מַלְכוּתֵהּ בְּחַיֵּיכון וּבְיומֵיכון וּבְחַיֵּי דְכָל בֵּית יִשרָאֵל בַּעֲגָלָא וּבִזְמַן קָרִיב, וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן: [קהל: אמן] קהל ואבל: יְהֵא שְׁמֵהּ רַבָּא מְבָרַךְ לְעָלַם וּלְעָלְמֵי עָלְמַיָּא אבל: יִתְבָּרַךְ וְיִשְׁתַּבַּח וְיִתְפָּאַר וְיִתְרומַם וְיִתְנַשּא וְיִתְהַדָּר וְיִתְעַלֶּה וְיִתְהַלָּל שְׁמֵהּ דְּקֻדְשָׁא. בְּרִיךְ הוּא. [קהל: בריך הוא:] לְעֵלָּא מִן כָּל בִּרְכָתָא בעשי”ת: לְעֵלָּא לְעֵלָּא מִכָּל וְשִׁירָתָא תֻּשְׁבְּחָתָא וְנֶחֱמָתָא דַּאֲמִירָן בְּעָלְמָא. וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן: [קהל: אמן] יְהֵא שְׁלָמָא רַבָּא מִן שְׁמַיָּא וְחַיִּים עָלֵינוּ וְעַל כָּל יִשרָאֵל. וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן: [קהל: אמן] עושה שָׁלום בִּמְרומָיו הוּא יַעֲשה שָׁלום עָלֵינוּ וְעַל כָּל יִשרָאֵל וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן: [קהל: אמן]

וְזֹ֖את הַתּוֹרָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם מֹשֶׁ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ תּוֹרָ֥ה צִוָּה־לָ֖נוּ מֹשֶׁ֑ה מוֹרָשָׁ֖ה קְהִלַּ֥ת יַעֲקֹֽב׃ הָאֵל֮ תָּמִ֢ים דַּ֫רְכּ֥וֹ אִמְרַֽת־יְהֹוָ֥ה צְרוּפָ֑ה מָגֵ֥ן ה֝֗וּא לְכֹ֤ל ׀ הַחֹסִ֬ים בּֽוֹ׃

Before reading the Torah:
הַשֵּׁם עִמָּכֶם.
יְבָרֶכְךָ הַשֵּׁם.
 

 .בָּרְכוּ אֶת יְהֹוָה הַמְּבֹרָךְ
.בָּרוּךְ יְהֹוָה הַמְּבֹרָךְ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד
.בָּרוּךְ יְהֹוָה הַמְּבֹרָךְ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר בָּחַר בָּנוּ מִכָּל הָעַמִּים וְנָתַן לָנוּ אֶת תּוֹרָתוֹ. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, נוֹתֵן הַתּוֹרָה:
 אמן.

After reading the Torah:

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לָנוּ אֶת תּוֹרָתוֹ תּוֹרַת אֱמֶת, וְחַיֵּי עוֹלָם נָטַע בְּתוֹכֵנוּ. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה, נוֹתֵן הַתּוֹרָה:
אמן.

Beracha recited before the reading of the Haftara:

Mi Sheberach, the Jewish prayer for healing, is one of the most meaningful prayers in Judaism. It is a public prayer or blessing for an individual or group, most often recited in synagogue when the Torah is being read. 

He who blessed our fathers Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, Moses and Aaron, David and Solomon, may he heal ___ who is ill. May the Holy One, blessed be he, have mercy and speedily restore him to perfect health, both spiritual and physical; and let us say, Amen.

מִי שֶׁבֵּרַךְ אֲבוֹתֵֽינוּ, אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיַעֲקֹב, משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן, דָּוִד וּשְׁלֹמֹה, הוּא יְבָרֵךְ וִירַפֵּא אֶת הַחוֹלֶה ___. הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יִמָּלֵא רַחֲמִים עָלָיו לְהַחֲלִימוֹ וּלְרַפֹּאתוֹ, לְהַחֲזִיקוֹ וּלְהַחֲיוֹתוֹ, וְיִשְׁלַח לוֹ מְהֵרָה רְפוּאָה שְׁלֵמָה, רְפוּאַת הַנֶּֽפֶשׁ וּרְפוּאַת הַגּוּף; וְנֹאמַר אָמֵן.

Tefilat HaDerech (Hebrew: תפילת הדרך), also known as the Traveler’s Prayer or Wayfarer’s Prayer in English, is a prayer for safe travel recited by Jews when traveling by air, sea, or long car trips. It is recited at the start of every journey, preferably standing, but this is not required. It is frequently inscribed on hamsas, which may also include the Shema or Birkat HaBayit prayer.

In the “Blessing of Thanksgiving” (Birkat HaGomel), persons in four different categories should express gratitude to God for His compassion toward them:
One who has done one of the following: a) traveled across the ocean (by an international flight, etc.); b) traversed the desert; c) recovered from a very serious illness; d) been released from prison.
All other potentially fatal circumstances that one escapes, such as a wall crumbling on him, an ox goring him, thieves, auto accidents, etc., fall under the category of desert.

The reader recites:

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה’ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם הַגּוֹמֵל לְחַיָּבִים טוֹבוֹת שֶׁגְּמָלַנִי כָּל טוֹב.

 
The congregations responds:

מִי שֶׁגְמַלְךָ כֹּל טוֹב הוּא יִגְמַלְךָ כֹּל טוֹב סֶלָה.

NameSymbolSephardi
Sof passukב׃‎סוֹף פָּסֽוּק‎
Sof pasuk
Etnachtaב֑‎אַתְנָ֑ח‎
Atnaḥ
Segolב֒‎סְגוֹלְתָּא֒‎
Segolta
Shalsheletב֓‎שַׁלְשֶׁ֓לֶת‎
Šalšeleþ
Zakef katanב֔‎זָקֵף קָט֔וֹן‎
Záqéf Qáţown
Zakef gadolב֕‎זָקֵף גָּד֕וֹל‎
Záqéf Ggádowl
Tifchaב֖‎טַרְחָ֖א‎
Tarḥa
Riviaב֗‎רְבִ֗יע‎
Revia
Zarkaב֮‎זַרְקָא֮‎
Zarqa
Pashtaב֙‎קַדְמָא֙‎
Qadma
Shene pashtinב֨‎ב֙‎תְּרֵ֨י קַדְמִין֙‎
Tere qadmin
Yetivב֚‎יְ֚תִיב‎
Yetiv
Tevirב֛‎תְּבִ֛יר‎
Tviyr
Pazerב֡‎פָּזֶר גָּד֡וֹל‎
Pazer gadol
Qarne farahב֟‎קַרְנֵי פָרָ֟ה‎
Qarne farah
Telisha gedolaב֠‎תִּ֠רְצָה‎
Tirtzah
Gereshב֜‎גְּרִ֜ישׁ‎
Gerish
Gershayimב֞‎שְׁנֵי גְרִישִׁ֞ין‎
Shene gerishin
Munachב׀‎פָּסֵ֣ק׀‎
Paseq
Merchaב֥‎מַאֲרִ֥יךְ‎
Maarich
Munachב֣‎שׁוֹפָר הוֹלֵ֣ךְ‎
Shofar holech
Mahpachב֤‎‏(שׁוֹפָר) מְהֻפָּ֤ךְ‎
(Shofar) mehuppach
Dargaב֧‎דַּרְגָּ֧א‎
Ddarggá
Kadmaב֨‎אַזְלָ֨א or קַדְמָ֨א‎
Azla or Qadma[18]
Telisha ketanaב֩‎תַּלְשָׁא֩‎
Talsha
Mercha kefulaב֦‎תְּרֵי טַעֲמֵ֦י‎
Tere ta’ame
Yerach ben yomoב֪‎יֵרֶח בֶּן יוֹמ֪וֹ‎
Yeraḥ ben yomo

Spanish-Portuguese custom

זַרְקָא֮ מַקַּף־שׁוֹפָר־הוֹלֵ֣ךְ סְגוֹלְתָּא֒ פָּזֵר גָּד֡וֹל תַ֠לְשָׁא תִּ֩ילְשָׁא אַזְלָ֨א גֵּ֜רֵישׁ פָּסֵק  ׀  רָבִ֗יעַ שְׁנֵי־גֵרֵישִׁ֞ין דַּרְגָ֧א תְּבִ֛יר מַאֲרִ֥יךְ טַרְחָ֖א אַתְנָ֑ח שׁוֹפָר־מְהֻפָּ֤ךְ קַדְמָא֙ תְּרֵ֨י־קַדְמִין֙ זָקֵף־קָט֔וֹן זָקֵף־גָּד֕וֹל שַׁלְשֶׁ֓לֶת תְּרֵי־טַעֲמֵ֦י יְ֚תִיב סוֹף־פָּסֽוּק׃

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